A new Curvularia lunata variety discovered in Huanghuaihai Region in China

The purpose of this study was to identify the dominant pathogens of Curvularia leaf spot and their pathogenicity variation in Huanghuaihai Region of China in recent years. In 2013 and 2016–2017, the occurrences of Curvularia leaf spots on maize were investigated in fields located in Henan, Hebei, Shandong, and Anhui provinces, and 292 fungi were isolated from diseased leaves. These fungal isolates were subjected to morphological identification, and 232 isolates were found to have about 70% uncurved conidia and were identified as Curvularia lunata var. Most of the conidia of 2 representative isolates, namely, HNWB-131 and HNWB-185, were oblong with parallel septations and were distinctly different from a reference isolate CX-3. For further determination, the internal transcribed spacer(ITS), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GPDH), the large subunit(LSU), and translation elongation factor 1-alpha(EF1-α) sequences of HNWB-131, HNWB-185, and CX-3 were amplified and sequenced. The results of sequence analysis showed that the 4 gene sequences from the 3 isolates had a similarity of more than 99% to C. lunata. Based on the sequences of ITS and the combined data of the 4 genes, neighbor-joining trees were constructed for phylogenetic analysis. The results indicated that these 3 isolates were clustered together with C. lunata. The expression of Clg2 p and ClUrase genes in mycelia and conidia was significantly(P0.05) higher in CX-3 than in HNWB-131 and HNWB-185. This study found that the dominant pathogen of Curvularia leaf spot was a new variety of C. lunata with morphological variations in Huanghuaihai Region from 2013 to 2017. The pathogenicity of the C. lunata var. was not significantly enhanced, and the expression of Clg2 p and ClUrase genes of C. lunata var. was decreased.     

烯效唑浸种对干旱胁迫下工业大麻幼苗形态、渗透调节物质及内源激素的影响

选用0.4 mg·L~(-1)的烯效唑(S_(3307))浸种工业大麻"火麻一号"种子,采用盆栽试验方法,于大麻三叶期设置清水浸种后正常供水(CK)、清水浸种后干旱胁迫(D)和烯效唑浸种后干旱胁迫(D+S)3个处理,探讨烯效唑浸种对干旱胁迫下工业大麻幼苗形态、渗透调节物质及内源激素的影响。结果表明:与D处理的植株相比,D+S处理显著提高了根系干、鲜重,分别提高46.67%～61.54%和16.46%～25.53%;恢复了胁迫后期的地上部干、鲜重,复水4 d后地上部干、鲜重较D处理分别提高了4.38%和2.23%;促进了根系生长的能力,干旱胁迫8 d后,D+S处理较D处理根长、根表面积、根体积、根总投影面积、分枝数、交叉数和根尖数分别增加了34.48%、34.77%、69.10%、70.00%、29.62%、54.28%和33.07%;提高了幼苗叶片SPAD值,降低了细胞膜透性,增加了可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量,干旱胁迫8 d后D+S处理较D处理SPAD值增加了28.30%,细胞膜透性减少了17.22%,可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量分别增加了17.32%～36.78%和5.07%～7.94%。干旱胁迫8 d后,D+S处理使工业大麻叶片中脱落酸(ABA)含量增加了1.02倍,水杨酸(SA)和茉莉酸(JA)含量分别降低了17.79%和14.40%。可见,烯效唑浸种能通过调控工业大麻幼苗生长及生理指标来增强其抗旱能力,缓解干旱胁迫对幼苗造成的伤害。     

三亚市槟榔黄化病危害情况初步调查

为了摸清槟榔黄化病在三亚市的危害情况，对三亚市二区六镇（河东区、河西区、吉阳镇、育才镇、海棠湾镇、天涯镇、崖城镇、凤凰镇）的槟榔种植区进行下乡调查。结果表明三亚市各区镇槟榔种植水平存在差异，二区槟榔种植面积由于城镇化己呈减少趋势；槟榔黄化病在六镇二区零星发病，总体危害较轻，除育才镇一个槟榔园发病在50%以上之外，其他地区基本发病率均在3%以下；其他病虫害的发生率与种植管理水平相关。并对外界报道发病严重而实际调查轻的原因进行了分析，提出应对槟榔黄化病的相关策略。     

铜仁烤烟单叶重现状与提升烟叶质量对策

根据铜仁烤烟单叶重的调查数据，认真梳理了铜仁烤烟单叶重的现状，分析了铜仁烤烟单叶重存在的问题，从烟叶收购政策和烟叶生产技术两个方面有针对性的提出提升铜仁烟叶质量的对策，为铜仁烤烟产业的持续健康发展提供理论指导。     

黔南州核桃优树叶片营养元素和果实品质相关分析

为了分析叶片营养元素对黔南州核桃优树坚果品质的影响,通过方差分析和相关分析研究了叶片营养元素与坚果品质之间的相关关系。结果表明:不同品种的核桃优树单株的坚果品质指标间存在显著差异;叶片钙、铜和锰显著影响核桃坚果品质。可以通过核桃叶片营养元素的诊断来提高坚果品质。     

暗期短暂远红光处理对南瓜幼苗生长、细胞形态和激素含量的影响

【目的】研究暗期前短暂远红光处理对南瓜幼苗生长形态、组织细胞形态和相关激素水平的影响,为远红光在农业上的应用提供理论依据。【方法】以南瓜品种‘日本雪松’为试验材料,分别在暗期前给予2（T1）、4（T2）、6（T3）、8（T4）、10（T5）和12（T6）mmol·m^-2·d^-1的远红光处理,以无远红光处理为对照（CK）,测定植株生长形态下胚轴细胞形态以及生长素（IAA）、玉米素（ZT）、赤霉素（GA₃）与油菜素内酯（BR）含量。【结果】在暗期短时外施远红光能显著提高南瓜幼苗下胚轴长度和株高,对植株茎粗,地上、地下部干/鲜重无显著影响;2、4、6、8、10和12 mmol·m^-2·d^-1远红光处理的下胚轴薄壁细胞轴向长度分别比CK显著增加34.6%、20.7%、31.3%、25.6%、32.8%和20.9%;下胚轴厚角组织厚度分别比CK显著增加19.6%、22.4%、21.2%、23.9%、19.6%和28%;经暗期前远红光处理后,南瓜幼苗根中生长素（IAA）含量,下胚轴中生长素（IAA）、赤霉素（GA₃）、玉米素（ZT）含量,子叶中生长素（IAA)、赤霉素（GA₃）、油菜素内酯（BR）含量以及真叶中生长素（IAA）与油菜素内酯（BR）含量均得到显著提高。【结论】暗期前短时远红光处理可能通过提高激素含量,进而改变细胞形态,促进下胚轴伸长生长。     

遮阴对冀中南优质强筋小麦形态和品质的影响

选用4个适于冀中南种植的优质强筋小麦进行花后遮阴处理,测定了株高和旗叶形态特征、千粒重以及品质性状,研究不同遮阴条件下这些主要形态特征和品质性状的变化。结果表明：与对照(S0)相比,25%遮阴(S1)增加小麦株高,50%遮阴(S2)株高增幅低于S1,藳优2018甚至低于S0；不同品种旗叶对遮阴处理响应不同,师栾02-1和石优20通过增加叶片长度增加旗叶叶面积,藳优5766叶片厚度降低,藳优2018无显著变化；遮阴造成千粒重降低,蛋白含量、沉降值和湿面筋含量品质指标增加,但是面筋指数下降；遮阴对面团流变学特性影响在品种间存在较大差异,遮阴提高石优20和藳优5766的面团形成时间、稳定时间、拉伸能量和最大拉伸阻力,但是降低师栾02-1的面团形成时间、稳定时间、拉伸面积和最大拉伸阻力,降低藳优2018面团形成时间、稳定时间和最大拉伸阻力,却增加拉伸面积。优质强筋小麦品质对遮阴的响应有共同点,但也存在品种间差异, 可能是遮阴降低小麦光合速率导致光合产物合成和运输受阻,蛋白含量的相对提高使得不同小麦在遮阴处理中有共性的反应,例如4个小麦品种的蛋白含量和湿面筋含量都增加,同时品种间籽粒的蛋白组成不同,可能是导致粉质参数和拉伸参数存在差异的重要原因。